The reviews and findings listed on this page are inactive. Inactive reviews and findings are not scheduled for an update at this time, though they may be updated in the future. Findings become inactive when reviewed interventions are no longer commonly used, when other organizations begin systematically reviewing the interventions, or as a result of conflicting priorities within a topic area.

Motor Vehicle Injury – Alcohol-Impaired Driving: School-Based Programs – Peer Organizations

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Snapshot

Summary of CPSTF Finding

The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) finds insufficient evidence to determine whether school-based peer organizations reduce alcohol-impaired driving because there were too few studies.

The CPSTF has related findings for school-based instructional programs (recommended) and social norming campaigns (insufficient evidence).

Intervention

School-based peer organizations, such as Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD), engage students in a variety of activities designed to prevent drunk driving (DD) and riding with drunk drivers (RDD).

CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement

Read the CPSTF finding pdf icon [PDF - 128 kB].

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What the CPSTF Found

About The Systematic Review

The CPSTF finding is based on evidence from a systematic review of two studies (search period through December 2002).

The review was conducted on behalf of the CPSTF by scientists from CDC’s Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention with input from a team of specialists in systematic review methods and experts in research, practice and policy related to motor vehicle injury prevention.

Context

There is no information for this section.

Summary of Results

More details about study results are available in the published evidence review [PDF - 258 kB].

The systematic review included two studies.

Neither study found a significant intervention effect on drunk driving or riding with drunk drivers.
One study reported other beneficial outcomes for the school community including stronger attitudes against drunk driving or riding with drunk drivers, increased knowledge of alternative ways to get somewhere, and increased access to alcohol-free events.

Summary of Economic Evidence

An economic review of this intervention was not conducted because the CPSTF did not have enough information to determine if the intervention works.

Applicability

Applicability of this intervention across different settings and populations was not assessed because the Task Force did not have enough information to determine if the intervention works.

Evidence Gaps

Additional research and evaluation are needed to answer the following questions and fill existing gaps in the evidence base.

To what extent are the outcomes of school-based education programs dependent on the following?
- Content, delivery method, and the perceived status of the person delivering the intervention
- Characteristics of the students
What effect do interventions have on alcohol-related traffic violations and crashes?
How can studies reduce attrition to increase power and validity?

Study Characteristics

The first study used a quasi-experimental time series (i.e., pre/post1/post2) design, with a concurrent comparison group, but there were implementation problems.
The second study used a post-only design and compare six schools with exemplary SADD programs to nearby schools of similar size and demographic that did not have SADD programs. Because schools were selected based on the strength of their already implemented SADD programs, baseline data could not be collected.

Publications

Elder RW, Nichols JL, Shults RA, Sleet DA, Barrios LC, Compton R, Task Force on Community Services. Effectiveness of school-based programs for reducing drinking and driving and riding with drinking drivers: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005;28(5S):288-304.

Supporting Materials

Analytic Framework

Analytic Framework pdf icon [PDF - 259 kB] – see Figure 1 on page 289

Summary Evidence Table

Summary Evidence Table pdf icon [PDF - 215 kB]
Contains evidence from reviews of school-based instructional programs, peer organizations, and social norming campaigns

Included Studies

The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).

Klitzner M, Gruenewald PJ, Bamberger E, Rossiter C. A quasi-experimental evaluation of Students Against Driving Drunk. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1994;20:57–74.

Leaf WA, Preusser DF. Evaluation of youth peer-to-peer impaired driving programs. Final report. Washington DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1995 (HS 808 309).

Additional Materials

There is no information for this section.

Search Strategies

The following outlines the search strategy used for these reviews: 0.08% Blood Alcohol Concentration Laws; Ignition Interlocks; Lower BAC Laws for Young or Inexperienced Drivers; Maintaining Current Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws; Mass Media Campaigns; Multicomponent Interventions with Community Mobilization; School-Based Programs; Sobriety Checkpoints [archived review]; Designated Driver Promotion Programs.

The reviews of interventions to reduce motor vehicle-related injury reflect systematic searches of multiple databases as well as reviews of reference lists and consultations with experts in the field. The team searched six computerized databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Psychlit, Sociological Abstracts, EI Compendex, and Transportation Research Information Services [TRIS]), which yielded 10,958 titles and abstracts for articles, book chapters, reports, and published papers from the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine proceedings about safety belts, alcohol-impaired driving or child passenger safety. Studies were eligible for inclusion if:

They were published from the originating date of the database through June 2000 (March 1998 for child safety seat interventions)
They involved primary studies, not guidelines or reviews
They were published in English
They were relevant to the interventions selected for review
The evaluation included a comparison to an unexposed or less-exposed population
The evaluation measured outcomes defined by the analytic framework for the intervention

For alcohol-impaired driving reviews, supplementary searches were conducted to address specialized questions and to update searches for reviews published after 2001. The final search using the primary alcohol-impaired driving search strategy was conducted through December 2004. For the most recent review in this series, “Effectiveness of Multicomponent Programs with Community Mobilization for Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving,” this database was supplemented by a hand search of the “Alcohol and Other Drugs” and “Transportation” sections of the SafetlyLit injury literature update service for the period from January through June 2005.

Primary Search Strategy

S MOTOR(W)VEHICLE? OR CAR OR CARS OR AUTOMOBILE? OR MOTORCYCLE? OR TRUCK? OR TRAFFIC(2N)ACCIDENT? OR DRIVING OR DRIVER?
S ALCOHOL OR ALCOHOLIC(W)BEVERAGE? OR ALCOHOL(3N)DRINKING OR ETHANOL OR ALCOHOLISM OR DWI OR DUI OR (DRIVING(3N)(INTOXICATED OR INFLUENCE OR DRUNK OR DRINKING OR IMPAIRED))
S INTERVENTION? OR OUTREACH? OR PREVENTION OR (COMMUNITY(3N)(RELATION? OR PROGRAM? OR ACTION)) OR DETERRENT? OR PROGRAM? OR LEGISLATION OR LAW? OR EDUCATION OR DETERENCE OR COUNSELING OR CLASS OR CLASSES OR HEALTH(W)PROMOTION
S FOOD(W)INDUSTRY OR AIRPLANE? OR AIRCRAFT? OR PILOT? OR SOLVENT? OR SLEEP(W)APNEA OR EMISSION? OR AIR(W)QUALITY OR POLLUTION
S (S1 AND S2 AND S3 ) NOT S4

Higher Education-based Interventions

S1 MOTOR(W)VEHICLE? OR CAR OR CARS OR AUTOMOBILE? OR MOTORCYCLE? OR TRUCK? OR TRAFFIC(2N)ACCIDENT? OR DRIVING OR DRIVER?
S2 ALCOHOL OR ALCOHOLIC(W)BEVERAGE? OR ALCOHOL(3N)DRINKING OR ETHANOL OR ALCOHOLISM OR DWI OR DUI OR (DRIVING(3N)(INTOXICATED OR INFLUENCE OR DRUNK OR DRINKING OR IMPAIRED))
S3 UNIVERSIT? OR COLLEGE? OR CAMPUS? OR (EDUCATION?(2N)(HIGER OR INSTITUTION? OR FACILIT? OR PROGRAM? OR SURVEY?))
S4 S1 AND S2 AND S3
S5 CURRICULUM OR INSTRUCTION OR EDUCATION OR TRAINING OR WORKSHOPS OR PROGRAMS OR COURSE? OR TEACH? OR (SOCIAL(W)NORM?)
S6 STUDENT? OR YOUTH? OR TEEN? OR (YOUNG(W)ADULT?)
S7 S4 AND S5 AND S6

School-based Interventions

S1 MOTOR(W)VEHICLE? OR CAR OR CARS OR AUTOMOBILE? OR MOTORCYCLE? OR TRUCK? OR TRAFFIC(2N)ACCIDENT? OR DRIVING OR DRIVER?
S2 ALCOHOL OR ALCOHOLIC(W)BEVERAGE? OR ALCOHOL(3N)DRINKING OR ETHANOL OR ALCOHOLISM OR DWI OR DUI OR (DRIVING(3N)(INTOXICATED OR INFLUENCE OR DRUNK OR DRINKING OR IMPAIRED))
S3 SCHOOL?(5N)(BASED OR SETTING OR PROGRAM? OR PRIMARY OR ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY OR ((JUNIOR OR SENIOR)(W)HIGH) OR MIDDLE) OR (EDUCATION?(2N)(INSTITUTION? OR FACILIT? OR PROGRAM? OR SURVEY?))
S4 S1 AND S2 AND S3
S5 CURRICULUM OR INSTRUCTION OR EDUCATION OR TRAINING OR WORKSHOPS OR PROGRAMS OR COURSE? OR TEACH?
S6 STUDENT? OR ADOLESCENT? OR YOUTH? OR TEEN? OR CHILD? OR TEACHER?
S7 525 S4 AND S5 AND S6

Cost Analyses

S MOTOR(W)VEHICLE? OR CAR OR CARS OR AUTOMOBILE? OR MOTORCYCLE? OR TRUCK? OR TRAFFIC(2N)ACCIDENT? OR DRIVING OR DRIVER?
S ALCOHOL OR ALCOHOLIC(W)BEVERAGE? OR ALCOHOL(3N)DRINKING OR ETHANOL OR ALCOHOLISM OR DWI OR DUI OR (DRIVING(3N)(INTOXICATED OR INFLUENCE OR DRUNK OR DRINKING OR IMPAIRED))
S INTERVENTION? OR OUTREACH? OR PREVENTION OR COMMUNITY(3N)(RELATION? OR PROGRAM? OR ACTION)) OR DETERRENT? OR PROGRAM? OR LEGISLATION OR LAW? OR EDUCATION OR DETERENCE OR COUNSELING OR CLASS OR CLASSES OR HEALTH(W)PROMOTION
S FOOD(W)INDUSTRY OR AIRPLANE? OR AIRCRAFT? OR PILOT? OR SOLVENT? OR SLEEP(W)APNEA OR EMISSION? OR AIR(W)QUALITY OR POLLUTION
S COST? OR ECONOMIC? OR ECONOMETRIC?
S (S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S5) NOT S4

Review References

There is no information for this section.

Considerations for Implementation

The CPSTF did not have enough evidence to determine whether the intervention is or is not effective. This does not mean that the intervention does not work, but rather that additional research is needed to determine whether or not the intervention is effective.

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Motor Vehicle Injury – Alcohol-Impaired Driving: School-Based Programs – Peer Organizations

Tabs

Summary of CPSTF Finding

Intervention

CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement

Users who viewed this also viewed

About The Systematic Review

Context

Summary of Results

Summary of Economic Evidence

Applicability

Evidence Gaps

Study Characteristics

Publications

Analytic Framework

Summary Evidence Table

Included Studies

Additional Materials

Search Strategies

Review References

Considerations for Implementation

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