The Task Force finding is based on evidence from a systematic review published in 2013 (Uhlig et al., 52 studies, search period through February 2013). Twenty-six studies included in the review examined the effects of self-measured blood pressure monitoring interventions where patients received self-measured blood pressure tools, monitoring, and training.
Reference
- Uhlig K, Patel K, Ip S, et al. Self-measured blood pressure monitoring in the management of hypertension. Annals of Internal Medicine 2013, 159(3):185-194.
The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Bailey B, Carney SL, Gillies AA, Smith AJ. Antihypertensive drug treatment: a comparison of usual care with self blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(2):147-50.
Binstock ML, Franklin KL. A comparison of compliance techniques on the control of high blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1988;1(3 Pt 3):192S-4S.
Bosworth HB, Olsen MK, Grubber JM, et al. Two self-management interventions to improve hypertension control: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009;151(10):687-95.
Broege PA, James GD, Pickering TG. Management of hypertension in the elderly using home blood pressures. Blood Press Monit 2001;6(3):139-44.
Carnahan JE, Nugent CA. The effects of self-monitoring by patients on the control of hypertension. Am J Med Sci 1975;269(1):69-73.
Dalfo i Baque A, Capillas Perez R, Guarch Rocarias M, et al. [Effectiveness of self-measurement of blood pressure in patients with hypertension: the Dioampa study]. Aten Primaria 2005;35(5):233-7.
Dejesus RS, Chaudhry R, Leutink DJ, Hinton MA, Cha SS, Stroebel RJ. Effects of efforts to intensify management on blood pressure control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a pilot study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009;5:705-11.
Fitzgerald DJ, O'Callaghan WG, O'Brien E, Johnson H, Mulcahy R, Hickey N. Home recording of blood pressure in the management of hypertension. Ir Med J 1985;78(8):216-8.
Fuchs SC, Ferreira-da-Silva AL, Moreira LB, et al. Efficacy of isolated home blood pressure monitoring for blood pressure control: randomized controlled trial with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring - MONITOR study. J Hypertens 2012;30(1):75-80.
Godwin M, Lam M, Birtwhistle R, et al. A primary care pragmatic cluster randomized trial of the use of home blood pressure monitoring on blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients with above target blood pressure. Fam Pract 2010;27(2):135-42.
Halme L, Vesalainen R, Kaaja M, Kantola I. Self-monitoring of blood pressure promotes achievement of blood pressure target in primary health care. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(11):1415-20.
Johnson AL, Taylor DW, Sackett DL, Dunnett CW, Shimizu AG. Self-recording of blood pressure in the management of hypertension. Can Med Assoc J 1978;119(9):1034-9.
Madsen LB, Kirkegaard P, Pedersen EB. Blood pressure control during telemonitoring of home blood pressure. A randomized controlled trial during 6 months. Blood Press 2008;17(2):78-86.
Marquez Contreras E, Martin de Pablos JL, Espinosa Garcia J, Casado Martinez JJ, Sanchez Lopez E, Escribano J. [Prevention of therapeutic inertia in the treatment of arterial hypertension by using a program of home blood pressure monitoring]. Aten Primaria 2012;44(2):89-96.
Marquez-Contreras E, Martell-Claros N, Gil-Guillen V, et al. Efficacy of a home blood pressure monitoring programme on therapeutic compliance in hypertension: the EAPACUM-HTA study. J Hypertens 2006;24(1):169-75.
Mehos BM, Saseen JJ, MacLaughlin EJ. Effect of pharmacist intervention and initiation of home blood pressure monitoring in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Pharmacotherapy 2000;20(11):1384-9.
Midanik LT, Resnick B, Hurley LB, Smith EJ, McCarthy M. Home blood pressure monitoring for mild hypertensives. Public Health Rep 1991;106(1):85-9.
Pierce JP, Watson DS, Knights S, Gliddon T, Williams S, Watson R. A controlled trial of health education in the physician's office. Prev Med 1984;13(2):185-94.
Rogers MA, Small D, Buchan DA, et al. Home monitoring service improves mean arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2001;134(11):1024-32.
Soghikian K, Casper SM, Fireman BH, et al. Home blood pressure monitoring. Effect on use of medical services and medical care costs. Med Care 1992;30(9):855-65.
Souza WK, Jardim PC, Brito LP, Araujo FA, Sousa AL. Self measurement of blood pressure for control of blood pressure levels and adherence to treatment. Arq Bras Cardiol 2012;98(2):167-74.
Stahl SM, Kelley CR, Neill PJ, Grim CE, Mamlin J. Effects of home blood pressure measurement on long-term BP control. Am J Public Health 1984;74(7):704-9.
van Onzenoort HA, Verberk WJ, Kroon AA, et al. Effect of self-measurement of blood pressure on adherence to treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. J Hypertens 2010;28(3):622-7.
Varis J, Kantola I. The choice of home blood pressure result reporting method is essential: Results mailed to physicians did not improve hypertension control compared with ordinary office-based blood pressure treatment. Blood Press 2010;19(5):319-24.
Verberk WJ, Kroon AA, Lenders JW, et al. Self-measurement of blood pressure at home reduces the need for antihypertensive drugs: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension 2007;50(6):1019-25.
Zarnke KB, Feagan BG, Mahon JL, Feldman RD. A randomized study comparing a patient-directed hypertension management strategy with usual office-based care. Am J Hypertens 1997;10(1):58-67.
Additional Studies Linked to Included Studies
- Madsen LB, Kirkegaard P, Pedersen EB. Health-related quality of life (SF-36) during telemonitoring of home blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a randomized, controlled study. Blood Press 2008;17(4):227-32.
Included Studies - Economic Review
The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Arrieta A, Woods JR, Qiao N, Jay SJ. Cost–benefit analysis of home blood pressure monitoring in hypertension diagnosis and treatment: an insurer perspective. Hypertension 2014;64(4):891-6.
Bosworth HB, Olsen MK, Grubber JM, Neary AM, Orr MM, et al. Two self-management interventions to improve hypertension control: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2009;151(10):687-95.
Boubouchairopoulou N, Karpettas N, Athanasakis K, Kollias A, Protogerou AD, et al. Cost estimation of hypertension management based on home blood pressure monitoring alone or combined office and ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 2014;8(10):732-8.
Den Hond E, Staessen JA, Celis H, Fagard R, Keary L, et al. Antihypertensive treatment based on home or office blood pressure—the THOP trial. Blood Pressure Monitoring 2004;9(6):311-4.
Fukunaga H, Ohkubo T, Kobayashi M, Tamaki Y, Kikuya M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the introduction of home blood pressure measurement in patients with office hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 2008;26(4):685-90.
Funahashi J, Ohkubo T, Fukunaga H, Kikuya M, Takada N, et al. The economic impact of the introduction of home blood pressure measurement for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Blood Pressure Monitoring 2006;11(5):257-67.
Rogers MA, Small D, Buchan DA, Butch CA, Stewart CM, et al. Home monitoring service improves mean arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2001;134(11):1024-32.
Reed SD, Li Y, Oddone EZ, Neary AM, Orr MM, et al. Economic evaluation of home blood pressure monitoring with or without telephonic behavioral self-management in patients with hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension 2010;23(2):142-8.
Soghikian K, Casper SM, Fireman BH, Hunkeler EM, Hurley LB, et al. Home blood pressure monitoring. Effect on use of medical services and medical care costs. Medical Care 1992;30(9):855-65.
Staessen JA, Den Hond E, Celis H, Fagard R, Keary L, et al. Antihypertensive treatment based on blood pressure measurement at home or in the physician's office: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291(8):955-64.
Verberk WJ, Kroon AA, Lenders JWM, Kessels AGH, van Montifrans GA, et al. Self-measurement of blood pressure at home reduces the need for antihypertensive drugs: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension 2007;50(6):1019-25.
The following papers were linked:
- Den Hond et al., 2004 and Staessen et al., 2004
- Bosworth et al., 2009 and Reed et al., 2010
- Funahashi et al., 2006 and Fukunaga et al., 2008
The following outlines the search strategy used for reviews of assessments of self-measured blood pressure monitoring when used alone and when combined with additional support.
The Task Force findings are based on evidence from a systematic review published in 2013 (Uhlig et al., 52 studies). Uhlig and colleagues searched MEDLINE (inception to 8 February 2013) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (fourth quarter 2012) without language restriction.
The full search strategy reported below is included in the publication:
Uhlig K, Patel K, Ip S, et al. Self-measured blood pressure monitoring in the management of hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159:185-194.
Search Number |
Searches |
SMBP Monitoring |
1 |
exp Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/ |
2 |
exp Blood Pressure Monitors/ |
3 |
exp Blood Pressure/ |
4 |
exp hypertension/ |
5 |
exp Self Care/ |
6 |
(3 or 4) and 5 |
7 |
((blood pressure or hypertens$) and self and (measure$ or monitor$ or care or manage$)).mp |
8 |
1 or 2 or 6 or 7 |
Comparative studies |
9 |
randomized controlled trial.pt. |
10 |
controlled clinical trial.pt |
11 |
randomized controlled trials/ |
12 |
Random Allocation/ |
13 |
Double-blind Method/ |
14 |
Single-Blind Method/ |
15 |
clinical tiral.pt |
16 |
Clinical Trials.mp. or exp Clinical Trials/ |
17 |
(clinic$ adj25 trial$).tw. |
18 |
((singl$ or doubl$ or tebl$ or tripl$) adj (mask$ or blind$)).tw. |
19 |
Placebos/ |
20 |
placebo$.tw. |
21 |
random$.tw. |
22 |
trial$.tw. |
23 |
(randomized control trial or clinical control trial).sd. |
24 |
(latin adj square).tw. |
25 |
Comparative Study.tw. or Comparative Study.pt. |
26 |
exp Evaluation studies/ |
27 |
Follow-Up Studies/ |
28 |
Prospective Studies/ |
29 |
(control$ or prospective$ or volunteer$).tw. |
30 |
Cross-Over Studies/ |
31 |
or/9-30 |
Cohorts |
32 |
exp cohort studies/ or exp prospective studies/ or exp retrospective studies/ or exp epidemiologic studies/ or exp case-control studies/ |
33 |
(cohort or retrospective or prospective or longitudinal or observational or follow-up or followup registry).af. |
34 |
case-control.af. or (case adj10 control).tw. |
35 |
ep.fs. |
36 |
32 or 33 or 34 or 35 |
Limits |
37 |
8 and (31 or 36) |
38 |
limit 37 to humans [Limit not valid in CDSR, CCTR; records were retained] |
39 |
limit 38 to yr_"1888 – 2000" |
40 |
remove duplicates from 39 |
41 |
limit 37 to yr_"2001-2008" |
42 |
remove duplicates from 41 |
43 |
limit 37 to yr_"2009-current" |
44 |
remove duplicates from 43 |
Final |
45 |
or/40, 42, 44 |
Added terms |
46 |
(home adj20 blood pressure).mp. [mp_title, original title, abstract, name of substance word, subject heading word, unique identifier] |
47 |
or/9-45 |
48 |
46 and 47 |
49 |
(exp telemedicine/ or exp self-examination) and (exp Blood pressure/ or exp Hypertension/) |
50 |
47 and 49 |
51 |
45 or 48 or 50 |
Search Strategy - Economic Review
This literature search was performed to provide studies on the economics of self-measured blood pressure monitoring interventions for the treatment and control of high blood pressure.
Six bibliographic databases were searched during March 2015, using the terms listed below. The following databases were searched: Medline, Cochrane (trials, systematic reviews, and economic evaluations), EconLit, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Years of publication from 1970 – March, 2015 were covered, and the types of documents retrieved by the searched included journal articles, books, book chapters, reports, and conference papers.
Search terms and search strategies were adjusted to each database, based on controlled and uncontrolled vocabularies and search software. Once the literature search was completed, Community Guide staff reviewed the citations using inclusion and exclusion criteria to narrow down the publications to be included.
Database: Medline (OVID) (Includes Medline In-Process)
Date Searched: 3/25/2015
Results: 855/841 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
- exp blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory/
- exp blood pressure monitors/
- exp blood pressure/
- exp hypertension/
- exp self care/
- ((blood pressure or hypertens$) and self and (measure$ or monitor$ or care or manage$)).mp.
- randomized controlled trial.pt.
- controlled clinical trial.pt.
- randomized controlled trials/
- random allocation/
- double-blind method/
- single-blind method/
- clinical trial.pt.
- clinical trials.mp. or exp clinical trial/
- (clinic$ adj25 trial$).tw.
- ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj (mask$ or blind$)).tw.
- placebo$.tw.
- Placebos/
- random$.tw.
- trial$.tw.
- (randomized contro$l trial$l or clinical control$ trial$).mp.
- (latin adj square).tw.
- comparative study.tw. or comparative study.pt.
- exp evaluation studies/
- follow-up studies/
- prospective studies/
- (control$ or prospectiv$ or volunteer$).tw.
- Cross-Over Studies/
- exp cohort studies/ or exp prospective studies/ or exp retrospective studies/ or exp epidemiologic studies/ or exp case-control studies/
- (cohort or retrospective or prospective or longitudinal or observational or follow-up or followup or registry).af.
- case-control.af. or (case adj10 control).tw.
- ep.fs.
- (home adj20 blood pressure).mp.
- exp telemedicine/
- exp self-examination/
- exp blood pressure/
- exp hypertension/
- (cost or costs or economic or economics).mp.
- exp Economics/
- exp "Costs and Cost Analysis"/
- 3 or 4
- 5 and 41
- 1 or 2 or 6 or 42
- 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28
- 29 or 30 or 31 or 32
- 44 or 45
- 43 and 46
- 44 or 45 or 47
- 33 and 48
- 34 or 35
- 36 or 37
- 50 and 51
- 48 and 52
- 47 or 49 or 53
- 38 or 39 or 40
- 54 and 55
Database: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
Date Searched: 3/25/2015
Results: 220/69 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
#1
(hypertension or "blood pressure") and (self or telemedicine):ti,ab,kw or (hypertension or "blood pressure") near/20 home:ti,ab,kw or "ambulatory blood pressure monitoring":ti,ab,kw in Trials (Word variations have been searched)
#2
cost or costs or economic*
#3
#1 and #2
Database: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Date Searched: 3/25/2015
Results: 24/17 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
#1
(hypertension or "blood pressure") and (self or telemedicine):ti,ab,kw or (hypertension or "blood pressure") near/20 home:ti,ab,kw or "ambulatory blood pressure monitoring":ti,ab,kw
#2
cost or costs or economic*
#3
#1 and #2
Database: Cochrane Economic Evaluations
Date Searched: 3/25/2015
Results: 27/26 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
#1
(hypertension or "blood pressure") and (self or telemedicine):ti,ab,kw or (hypertension or "blood pressure") near/20 home:ti,ab,kw or "ambulatory blood pressure monitoring":ti,ab,kw
Database: EconLit (EBSCOhost)
Date Searched: 3/25/2015
Results: 53/45 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
Search modes - Boolean/Phrase
S6
S4 OR S5
S5
(S1 AND S2)
S4
(S1 AND S3)
S3
TX ambulatory
S2
TX self OR TX home OR TX telemedicine
S1
TX "blood pressure" OR TX hypertension
Database: Centre for Reviews & Dissemination – University of York
Date Searched: 3/15/205
Results: 293/241 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
Any Field: "blood pressure" or hypertension
AND
Any Field: self or home or ambulatory
AND
Any Field: cost or costs or economic*